Effect on Rotation Speed on Thermal Dehydration Characteristics of Waste Gypsum Particles in a Constant Volume Rotary Vessel by Heating.

This study examined the thermal dehydration characteristics of CaSO4∙2H2O in a constant-volume rotary vessel. The experiment used CaSO4∙2H2O particles obtained from the crushed waste gypsum board. The particle size ranged from 850 to 2000 µm, and the experiment was carried out at varying rotation speeds of 1, 10, and 35 rpm, with the vessel temperature heated to 180 °C. Temperature and pressure inside the vessel were measured simultaneously using the thermocouple and the pressure sensor. The XRPD measurement analyzed the transition of CaSO4∙2H2O after the heating of particles. The result showed that the temperature growth rate was similar for high rotation speeds of 10 and 35 rpm, while periodic temperature changes occurred at the low rotation speed of 1 rpm. A distinguishing flow pattern was observed at the low rotation speed, and the particles inside the vessel collapsed periodically downward. This particle behavior was related to the temperature distribution of the rotation speed of 1 rpm. Additionally, the pressure in the vessel increased rapidly at higher rotation speeds. This trend indicates the desorption of the crystal water of CaSO4∙2H2O due to the increasing temperature in the case of high rotation speed. Also, the XRPD measurement results showed the appearance of CaSO4∙0.5H2O under the higher rotation speed conditions, and the mass fraction of CaSO4∙0.5H2O increased with the rotation speed. Overall, the present study suggests that rotation speed plays a crucial role in determining the heat conduction and heat transfer of particles in a constant-volume rotary vessel.

Sheep-derived cell immortalization through the expression of cell cycle regulators and biological characterization using transcriptomes.

Sheep are important domestic animals for the production of wool and meat. Although numerous cultured cell lines from humans and mice have been established, the number of cell lines derived from sheep is limited. To overcome this issue, the efficient establishment of a sheep-derived cell line and its biological characterization is reported. Mutant cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1, and telomerase reverse transcriptase were introduced into sheep muscle-derived cells in an attempt to immortalize primary cells using the K4DT method. Furthermore, the SV40 large T oncogene was introduced into the cells. The successful immortalization of sheep muscle-derived fibroblasts was shown using the K4DT method or SV40 large T antigen. Furthermore, the expression profile of established cells showed close biological characteristics of ear-derived fibroblasts. This study provides a useful cellular resource for veterinary medicine and cell biology.

Effect of febuxostat on the level of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein, an oxidative stress marker: A subanalysis of the PRIZE study.

BACKGROUND: Febuxostat is a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reportedly exhibits antioxidant properties. We previously performed a multicentre, randomized controlled (PRIZE) study for vascular evaluation under uric acid (UA) control by febuxostat to investigate the progression of carotid lesions in asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients with carotid atherosclerosis for 2 years. HYPOTHESIS: The current subanalysis of the PRIZE study aimed to assess the effect of febuxostat on the level of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL), an oxidative stress marker. METHODS: We recruited 383 patients (febuxostat group, n = 200; control group, n = 183) from the PRIZE trial for whom MDA-LDL measurements were available. The UA, MDA-LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and MDA-LDL/LDL-C ratio were identified, represented as the estimated difference from baseline to 24 months. We also evaluated the relationship between febuxostat dose (10, ≤20 to <40, and ≤40 to ≤60 mg) and changes in the MDA-LDL level, LDL-C level, or MDA-LDL/LDL-C ratios. RESULTS: The estimated change in MDA-LDL/LDL-C ratio from baseline to 24 months was significantly lower in the febuxostat group than in the control group (p = .025), whereas the estimated changes in MDA-LDL (p = .235) and LDL-C (p = .323) levels did not differ between the two groups. No significant correlation existed between the febuxostat doses and the estimated change in the MDA-LDL level (p = .626), LDL-C level (p = .896), or MDA-LDL/LDL-C ratio (p = .747). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may indicate a possibility that febuxostat can lower the MDA-LDL/LDL-C ratio, a potential marker of atherosclerosis and oxidative stress, in asymptomatic hyperuricemic patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Further studies are required to validate our findings and elucidate the clinical antioxidant effect of febuxostat.

Emergency flood detection using multiple information sources: Integrated analysis of natural hazard monitoring and social media data.

Extreme weather events are occurring more frequently as a result of climate change. In October 2019, eastern Japan was hit by Hagibis, a large and high-speed typhoon. This unprecedented typhoon caused the evacuation of over 4000 people, injured more than 300 people, and damaged more than 98,000 dwellings throughout the affected area. Because floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters in Asia, providing an effective early warning system (EWS) is critical to reducing disaster impacts. However, warnings based only on natural hazard monitoring do not offer sufficient protection. Integrating natural hazard monitoring and social media data could improve warning systems to enhance the awareness of disaster managers and citizens about emergency events. We analyzed time-series data including rainfall intensity, 90-min-effective rainfall, and river water level as well as Twitter data related to disaster events during the 5-day period from 11 to 15 October, focusing on the most affected areas in Japan. The analysis included more than 60,000 tweets. Our analysis confirmed the utility of the statistical approach of outbreak detection with social media data in the early detection and local identification of multiple-flood events, and the results from the municipality-level analyses show that tweet frequencies related to the flood disaster ontological categories were significantly correlated to temporal variations in the hazard monitoring data. Thus, flood detection at the administrative level using social media data combined with current hazard monitoring data can enable a decision-driven EWS design. Interactive approaches for decision-making and knowledge production should continue to be considered in the face of climate-change-induced disasters.

Prognostic value of leucine/phenylalanine ratio as an amino acid profile of heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) causes a hypercatabolic state that enhances the catabolic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in the heart and skeletal muscles and reduces protein synthesis in the liver. Consequently, free plasma aromatic amino acids (AAA, tyrosine and phenylalanine) are increased. To date, we have reported the prognostic value of the BCAA/AAA ratio (Fischer's ratio) in patients with HF. However, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio, which is a simpler index than the Fischer's ratio, has not been examined. Therefore, the prognostic value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio in patients with HF was investigated. Overall 157 consecutive patients hospitalized for worsening HF (81 men, median age 78 years) were enrolled in the study. Plasma amino acid levels were measured when the patients were stabilized at discharge. Cardiac events were defined as a composite of cardiac death and hospitalization for worsening HF. A total of 46 cardiac events occurred during the median follow-up period of 238 (interquartile range 93-365) days. The median leucine/phenylalanine ratio was significantly lower in patients with cardiac events than in those without cardiac events (1.4 vs. 1.8, P < 0.001). The best cutoff value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was determined as 1.7 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for cardiac events. Following a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the low group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio < 1.7, n = 72) had more cardiac events than the high group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio ≥ 1.7, n = 85) (log-rank, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was an independent predictor of cardiac events. Furthermore, on comparing the prognostic values for cardiac events based on ROC curves of leucine levels, BCAA levels, Fischer's ratio, and leucine/phenylalanine ratio, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was the most accurate in predicting future cardiac events (area under the curve 0.763,; sensitivity 0.783,; specificity 0.676,; P < 0.001). The leucine/phenylalanine ratio could be a useful predictor of future cardiac events in patients with HF, reflecting an imbalance in amino acid metabolism.

Usefulness of the plasma branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid ratio for predicting future cardiac events in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a hypercatabolic state that promotes branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic activity in the heart and skeletal muscle and reduces protein synthesis in the liver. Consequently, plasma free aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are increased. We investigated the prognostic value of the BCAA/AAA ratio (Fischer's ratio, FR) in patients with HF. METHODS: We enrolled 157 consecutive patients hospitalized for worsening HF (81 men, 76 women; mean ± SD age 75 ± 14 years). Plasma BCAA levels (i.e. total leucine, isoleucine, valine) and AAA levels (i.e. total tyrosine, phenylalanine) were measured at a time when the patients were stabilized (at discharge). FR was calculated as the combined plasma BCAA levels divided by the AAA level. Cardiac events were defined as a composite of cardiac death and hospitalization for worsening HF. RESULTS: The patients were divided into two groups based on the median FR (high-FR group: FR ≥ 3.1, n = 78; low-FR group: FR < 3.1, n = 79). Compared with the high-FR group, low-FR patients were older, had more prior hospitalizations for HF, lower albumin and cholinesterase levels, and lower geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI). Altogether, 46 cardiac events occurred during the follow-up period (221 ± 135 days), including 14 cardiac deaths and 32 hospitalizations for worsening HF. In a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the low-FR group had more cardiac events than the high-FR group (log-rank, p < 0.001). The best cut-off value of FR was determined as 2.9 in the receiver operating characteristic curve for cardiac events. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being in the low-FR group was an independent determinant of cardiac events from parameters of liver function tests and GNRI. CONCLUSIONS: FR might be useful for predicting future cardiac events in patients with HF, reflecting nutritional status which cannot be assessed by liver function tests and GNRI.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is feasible in patients with acute heart failure.

AIMS: In acute heart failure (AHF), immobilization is caused because of unstable haemodynamics and dyspnoea, leading to protein wasting. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to preserve muscle mass and improve functional outcomes in chronic disease. NMES may be effective against protein wasting frequently manifested in patients with AHF; however, whether NMES can be implemented safely without any adverse effect on haemodynamics has remained unknown. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of NMES in patients with AHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with AHF were randomly assigned to the NMES or control group. The intensity of the NMES group was set at 10-20% maximal voluntary contraction level, whereas the control group was limited at a visible or palpable level of muscle contraction. The sessions were performed 5 days per week since the day after admission. Before the study implementation, we set the feasibility criteria with following items: (i) change in systolic blood pressure (BP) > ±20 mmHg during the first session; (ii) increase in heart rate (HR) > +20 b.p.m. during the first session; (iii) development of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during all sessions; (iv) incidence of new-onset AF during the hospitalization period < 40%; and (v) completion of the planned sessions by >70% of patients. The criteria of feasibility were set as follows; the percentage to fill one of (i)-(iii) was <20% of the total subjects, and both (iv) and (v) were satisfied. A total of 73 patients (median age 72 years, 51 men) who completed the first session were analysed (NMES group, n = 34; control group, n = 39). Systolic BP and HR variations were not significantly different between two groups (systolic BP, P = 0.958; HR, P = 0.665). Changes in BP > ±20 mmHg or HR > +20 b.p.m. were observed in three cases in the NMES group (8.8%) and five in the control group (12.8%). New-onset arrhythmia was not observed during all sessions in both groups. During hospitalization, one patient newly developed AF in the NMES group (2.9%), and one developed AF (2.6%) and two lethal ventricular arrhythmia in the control group. Thirty-one patients in the NMES group (91%) and 33 patients in the control group (84%) completed the planned sessions during hospitalization. This study fulfilled the preset feasibility criteria. CONCLUSIONS: NMES is feasible in patients with AHF from immediately after admission.

Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on kinetics of plasma phenylalanine, tyrosine and whole body protein synthesis in sheep.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding decoction of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine formula on rates of plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine turnover and whole body protein synthesis in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics and blood metabolites were also determined. Six sheep were subjected to either mixed hay (MH-diet, as control) or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine (mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root, and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet) in a crossover design for each of 3-week period. The isotope dilution of [2 H5 ]phenylalanine and [2 H2 ]tyrosine was performed as a primed-continuous infusion to measure plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine kinetics. Concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, acetate, and propionate in the rumen tended to be higher (p < 0.10), and the pH value was lower (p = 0.04) for the CHM-diet than the MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine tended to be higher (p < 0.10) for the CHM-diet than the MH-diet. Furthermore, whole body protein synthesis was greater (p = 0.04) for the CHM-diet compared with the MH-diet. The Chinese herbal medicine improved rumen fermentation and enhanced protein metabolism in sheep. Hence, it is suggested that the decoction of Chinese herbal medicine formula could be considered as a potential feed additive for ruminant production.

Effect of feeding garlic leaves on rumen fermentation, methane emission, plasma glucose kinetics, and nitrogen utilization in sheep.

BACKGROUND: Garlic and its constituents are reported to have been effective in reducing methane emission and also influence glucose metabolism in body; however, studies in ruminants using garlic leaves are scarce. Garlic leaves contain similar compounds as garlic bulbs, but are discarded in field after garlic bulb harvest. We speculate that feeding garlic leaves might show similar effect as garlic constituents in sheep and could be potential animal feed supplement. Thus, we examined the effect of freeze dried garlic leaves (FDGL) on rumen fermentation, methane emission, plasma glucose kinetics and nitrogen utilization in sheep. METHODS: Six sheep were fed Control diet (mixed hay and concentrate (60:40)) or FDGL diet (Control diet supplemented with FDGL at 2.5 g/kg BW0.75 of sheep) using a crossover design. Methane gas emission was measured using open-circuit respiratory chamber. Plasma glucose turnover rate was measured using isotope dilution technique of [U-13C]glucose. Rumen fluid, feces and urine were collected to measure rumen fermentation characteristics and nitrogen utilization. RESULT: No significant difference in rumen fermentation parameters was noticed except for rumen ammonia tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. Methane emission per kg dry matter ingested and methane emission per kg dry matter digested were lower (P < 0.05) in FDGL diet. Plasma glucose concentration was similar between diets and plasma glucose turnover rate tended to be higher in FDGL diet (0.05 < P < 0.1). Nitrogen retention was higher (P < 0.05) and microbial nitrogen supply tended to be higher (0.05 < P < 0.1) in FDGL diet. CONCLUSION: FDGL diet did not impair rumen fermentation, improved nitrogen retention; while absence of significant results in reduction of methane emission, glucose turnover rate and microbial nitrogen supply, further studies at higher dose would be necessary to conclude the merit of FDGL as supplement in ruminant feedstuff.

Functional insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) hormone-receptor system in the testes and spermatozoa of domestic ruminants and its potential as a predictor of sire fertility.

Insulin-like factor 3 (INSL3) is essential for fetal testis descent, and has been implicated in the testicular and sperm functions in adult males; however, similar functions in domestic ruminants remain largely unknown. This study investigated the functional INSL3 hormone-receptor system in adult ruminant testes and spermatozoa, and explored its potential to diagnose the fertility of sires. Testes and spermatozoa were obtained from fertile bulls, rams and he-goats, whereas subfertile testes and spermatozoa were obtained only from bulls. As expected, INSL3 was visualized in Leydig cells, while we clearly demonstrated that the functional receptor, relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2), enabling INSL3 to bind was identified in testicular germ cells and in the sperm equatorial segment of bulls, rams and he-goats. In comparison to fertile bulls, the percentage of INSL3- and RXFP2-expressing cells and their expression levels per cell were significantly reduced in the testes of subfertile bulls. In addition, the population of INSL3-binding spermatozoa was also significantly reduced in the semen of subfertile bulls. These results provide evidence for a functional INSL3 hormone-receptor system operating in ruminant testes and spermatozoa, and its potential to predict subfertility in sires.

Impact of glycemic control with sitagliptin on the 2-year progression of arterial stiffness: a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study.

BACKGROUND: No conclusive evidence has been obtained yet on the significance of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4 inhibitor) treatment on the arterial stiffness in clinical settings. In addition, the effects of good glycemic control on the arterial stiffness have also not been clarified yet. As a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study, we examined the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) on the 2-year progression of the arterial stiffness and also to determine the effect of good glycemic control on the rate of progression of the arterial stiffness. METHODS: In the PROLOGUE study, the study participants were either allocated to add-on sitagliptin treatment or to continued treatment with conventional anti-diabetic agents. Among the 463 participants of the PROLOGUE study, we succeeded in measuring the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) at least two times during the 2-year study period in 96 subjects. RESULTS: The changes in the baPWV during the study period were similar between the both groups (i.e., with/without staglipitin), overall. On the other hand, when the study subjects were divided into two groups according to the glycemic control status during the study period {good glycemic control group (GC) = hemoglobin (Hb)A1c <7.0 at both 12 and 24 months after the treatment randomization; poor glycemic control group (PC) = HbA1c ≥7.0 at either 12 months, 24 months, or both}, the 2-year increase of the baPWV was marginally significantly larger in the PC group (144 ± 235 cm/s) as compared to that the GC group (-10 ± 282 cm/s) (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: While the present study could not confirm the beneficial effect of sitagliptin per se on the arterial stiffness, the results suggested that good glycemic control appears to be beneficial for delaying the annual progression of the arterial stiffness. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000004490.

Long-term effect of sitagliptin on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study.

BACKGROUND: As a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study, we evaluated the long-term effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on endothelial function in the conduit brachial artery in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In the PROLOGUE study, patients were randomly assigned to either add-on sitagliptin treatment (sitagliptin group) or continued conventional antihyperglycemic treatment (conventional group). Among the 463 participants in the PROLOGUE study, FMD was measured in 17 patients in the sitagliptin group and 18 patients in the conventional group at the beginning and after 12 and 24 months of treatment. RESULTS: HbA1c levels were significantly decreased after 12 and 24 months of treatment compared to baseline values in both groups (7.0 ± 0.4 vs. 6.6 ± 0.3 and 6.6 ± 0.4 % in the sitagliptin group; 7.0 ± 0.6 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.7 % in the conventional group; P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between FMD values at baseline and after 12 and 24 months in the sitagliptin group (4.3 ± 2.6 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1 and 4.4 ± 2.3 %, P = 1.0, respectively). Although FMD had a tendency to increase from 4.3 ± 2.4 % at baseline to 5.2 ± 1.9 % after 12 months and 5.1 ± 2.2 % after 24 months in the conventional group, there was no significant difference between FMD values at baseline and after 12 and 24 months (P = 0.36 and 0.33, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Add-on sitagliptin to conventional antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes did not alter endothelial function in the conduit brachial artery measured by FMD during a 2-year study period. Sitagliptin may be used without concern for an adverse effect on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Center: ID UMIN000004490.

Effects of Rice Straw Supplemented with Urea and Molasses on Intermediary Metabolism of Plasma Glucose and Leucine in Sheep.

An isotope dilution method using [U-(13)C]glucose and [1-(13)C]leucine (Leu) was conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw supplemented with urea and molasses (RSUM-diet) on plasma glucose and Leu turnover rates in sheep. Nitrogen (N) balance, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood metabolite concentrations were also determined. Four sheep were fed either mixed hay (MH-diet), or a RSUM-diet with a crossover design for two 21 days period. Feed allowance was computed on the basis of metabolizable energy at maintenance level. The isotope dilution method was performed as the primed-continuous infusion on day 21 of each dietary period. Nitrogen intake was lower (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet and N digestibility did not differ (p = 0.57) between diets. Concentrations of rumen total volatile fatty acids tended to be higher (p = 0.09) for the RSUM-diet than the MH-diet. Acetate concentration in the rumen did not differ (p = 0.38) between diets, whereas propionate concentration was higher (p = 0.01) for the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet. Turnover rates as well as concentrations of plasma glucose and Leu did not differ between diets. It can be concluded that kinetics of plasma glucose and Leu metabolism were comparable between the RSUM-diet and the MH-diet, and rumen fermentation characteristics were improved in sheep fed the RSUM-diet compared to the MH-diet.

[A Successful Case of Recovery from the Amniotic Fluid Embolism with Cardiac Arrest during the Operation].

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a disorder with a high mortality rate. We present a case of AFE with cardiac arrest during the cesarean section who recovered sequela. A 28-year-old woman was diagnosed as low lying placenta and planned to undergo cesarean section in 38th gestational week. She had atypical genital bleeding in 32nd gestational weeks and she received emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia. After expulsion of her fetus, she lost many blood. We suspected obstetric DIC and started therapy immediately, but cardiac arrest occurred suddenly. She was resuscitated, and we decided to suspend the operation with temporary gauze-packing. After in better general condition, we removed the packed gauze from her abdomen. She could leave the intensive care unit 7 days after the first operation. In this case, the crucial points for successful resuscitation were prompt obstetric anesthesiologist involvement and good communication with obstetricians.

[A Biphasic Anaphylactic Attack from Sugammadex with a Severe Second Attack].

A 74-year-old man was scheduled for transurethral resection of the prostate under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced by propofol, rocuronium, remifentanil and maintained with sevoflurane. The operation was finished in 56 minutes without trouble. After operation, sugammadex was administered, and after about 2 minutes, redness, tachycardia, hypotension and itchiness appeared. Treatment was initiated using steroids, adrenaline, and antihistamine upon diagnosis of anaphylaxis caused by sugammadex. Reaction to the treatment was good and the general condition improved to normal; however, the patient was moved to the intensive care unit for follow-up observation. Furthermore, no upper respiratory tract symptoms were observed during the follow-up along with no decline in SpO2. The condition progressed without any particularly major abnormalities after entering the intensive care unit; however, a sudden decline in blood pressure and dyspnea occurred again 3 hours following entering the intensive care unit. These were considered to be biphasic reactions due to anaphylaxis, and treatment was carried out again with intravenous injection of adrenaline, steroids and inhalation of beta-agonist. No symptoms were observed since and the patient was discharged from the intensive care unit the following day.

Distinct binding of amyloid imaging ligands to unique amyloid-ß deposited in the presubiculum of Alzheimer's disease.

Non-invasive determination of amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) deposition with radioligands serves for the early diagnosis and clarification of pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The polymorphic binding site on multimeric Aß for current radioligands, however, is little understood. In this study, we investigated the binding of several radioligands including (11)C-Pittsburgh Compound B ((11)C-PiB), (3)H-AZD2184, and two recently developed compounds, (125)I-DRM106 and (125)I-DRK092, with unique presubicular Aß deposits lacking interaction with the commonly used amyloid dyes FSB. (11)C-PiB, (3)H-AZD2184, and (125)I-DRK092 showed overt binding to presubicular Aß deposits, while (125)I-DRM106 barely bound to these aggregates despite its strong binding in the hippocampal CA1 sector. Unlike neuritic plaques in the CA1, Aß lesions in the presubiculum were not accompanied by inflammatory gliosis enriched with 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO). Thus, there are at least two different components in Aß aggregates providing distinct binding sites for the current amyloid radioligands, and one of these binding components is distinctly present in the presubicular Aß deposits. Amyloid radioligands lacking affinity for this component, such as (125)I-DRM106, may selectively capture Aß deposits tightly associated with TSPO neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration as exemplified by CA1 neuritic plaques. Hence, comparative autoradiographic assessments of radioligand binding in CA1 and presubiculum could serve for the development of an amyloid PET imaging agent visualizing neurotoxicity-related Aß pathologies. Non-invasive determination of amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) serves for the early diagnosis and clarification of pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that there are at least two different amyloid components in hippocampal CA1 and presubiculum providing distinct binding sites for the current amyloid radioligands. Comparative analysis for radioligand binding in these two regions could serve for developing novel imaging agents selectively visualizing neurotoxicity-related Aß pathologies.